Sample Reports

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Explore sample bias analysis reports. Each example showcases different aspects of our comprehensive methodology assessment.

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The Retraction Landmine: Wakefield MMR/Autism Study

Critical Bias Risk

The infamous 1998 paper that sparked the anti-vaccine movement. Fully retracted for fraud, data fabrication, and ethical violations. Shows how Paper Integrity catches retracted papers.

Retracted
Data Fabrication
Undisclosed Conflicts

The Replication Failure: Ego Depletion Study

High Bias Risk

Highly influential psychology paper (7,000+ citations) whose findings failed to replicate in large pre-registered studies. A cautionary tale of small-sample research.

Failed Replication
Underpowered
P-hacking Risk

The Hidden Conflict: VIGOR/Vioxx Trial

High Bias Risk

Landmark pharma trial that downplayed cardiovascular risks. NEJM issued an Expression of Concern. Vioxx was later withdrawn after causing ~100,000 heart attacks.

Industry Funded
Data Omission
Expression of Concern

The Methodology Minefield: Power Posing Study

High Bias Risk

Famous 'power pose' study claiming 2-minute poses change hormones. Lead author has publicly disavowed it. Hormonal findings failed to replicate.

Author Disavowed
Underpowered
Failed Replication

The Preprint Pitfall: Surgisphere HCQ Study

Critical Bias Risk

Fraudulent COVID-19 study claiming hydroxychloroquine harm. Data came from a company whose database likely never existed. Retracted within 2 weeks.

Retracted
Fabricated Data
Unverifiable Source

The Gold Standard: RECOVERY Trial

Low Bias Risk

Exemplary COVID-19 trial showing dexamethasone saves lives. Large, pre-registered, independent, transparent. This is what high-quality evidence looks like.

Pre-registered
Large Sample
Independent Funding

The Cell Biology Classic: Src-Integrin Regulation

Low Bias Risk

Foundational 1999 Nature Cell Biology paper on integrin-cytoskeleton interactions. 259 citations, clean record. Shows how Paper Integrity handles legitimate, well-conducted research.

Clean Record
High Citations
Replicated Findings

CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for Sickle Cell Disease and β-Thalassemia

Low Bias Risk

Groundbreaking NEJM trial demonstrating CRISPR gene editing as a functional cure for sickle cell disease. High methodological rigor with novel therapeutic approach.

Novel Therapy
Strong Design
High Impact

Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Moderate Bias Risk

SUSTAIN-6 trial published in NEJM showing cardiovascular benefits of semaglutide. Industry-funded but well-designed with pre-registration.

Industry Funded
Pre-registered
Large RCT

Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder

High Bias Risk

Randomized clinical trial in JAMA Psychiatry testing psilocybin for depression. Small sample size but rigorous design with waitlist control.

Small Sample
Novel Therapy
Randomized

Highly Accurate Protein Structure Prediction with AlphaFold

Low Bias Risk

DeepMind's AlphaFold2 paper in Nature — revolutionized structural biology. Computational study with extensive validation against experimental structures.

High Impact
Validated
Open Source

Gut Microbiome Influences Efficacy of PD-1-Based Immunotherapy

Moderate Bias Risk

Science paper linking gut bacteria to cancer immunotherapy response. Observational with small cohort but significant clinical implications.

Observational
Novel Finding
Clinical Impact

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